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The aim of this paper is to estimate the iron losses for an induction machine in the healthy case taking the slotting effect into account and to study the effect of an inter‐turn short‐circuit on these losses. Theoretical results are then compared with experimental ones.

A simple analytical model of iron losses allows one to calculate and to appreciate the contribution of the slotting effect on induction machine iron losses without and with an inter‐turn stator short‐circuit. This semi‐analytical approach is based on the iron stator and rotor flux density repartition which is deduced from the air‐gap flux density.

The iron losses are not only due to the fundamental air‐gap flux density, but also to the slotting harmonics. In fact, the slotting effect generates harmonic flux density waves with very low magnitudes but with high‐angular velocities, leading to non‐negligible harmonic iron dynamic losses which have similar values on both the stator and the rotor. The inter‐turn short‐circuit generates an iron losses and a slotting harmonic contribution increase.

Experimental measurements give the total iron losses. They do not allow separating the fundamental and the slotting harmonics contribution.

The knowledge of the iron losses behaviour in the healthy machine taking into account the slotting effect is important to optimize the design. The fault contribution on these losses allows one to estimate the damage which can be engendered by the fault.

Generally, iron losses studies and calculations are performed numerically using finite element software. The analytical approach can be interesting because it allows one to make faster calculations and to analyze the influence of the machine geometric parameters.

Most electronic data interchange (EDI) users start electronic trade with a simple experimental system. This initial step includes just one or two message types with one or two trading partners. From this initial step many users develop their EDI systems by expanding to additional trading partners and including more trade cycle messages. Proposes a six‐stage maturity model representing these stages in EDI developments. In the literature, EDI is exampled as an IS/IT application that can be used to gain competitive advantage. There are examples of early EDI systems (and EDI‐like systems) that gave organizations such advantage. Since those early days EDI has developed rapidly, normally on a trade sector basis, but there have been no similar examples of dramatic, competitive advantage. Within many trade sectors, EDI means “Everyone is Doing It” and the real battle is to avoid competitive disadvantage. Argues that the achievement of EDI maturity gives new scope for innovative, competitive advantage systems that make imaginative use of a company’s EDI infrastructure. Discusses new systems which illustrate this new competitive edge.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current status of reverse logistics practices used on four sectors of Indian manufacturing industry, namely, auto, paper, food and beverage processing, and electronics.

A nationwide questionnaire-based survey has been used to assess reverse logistics practices in Indian context.

It was seen from the survey that Indian companies considered implementing reverse logistics programs in their organization as a strategic-level decision. Volume of products entering the return stream is a key driver of reverse logistics activities. One of the important observations of this research is that Indian companies have primarily adopted reverse logistics due to the economic benefits associated with them.

The results reported in this research are the bird’s eye view of reverse logistics practices in the Indian context only. The low level of questionnaire responses is also one of the limitations of this study. Numerical data related to companies could not be reported in this research as companies were reluctant in giving sensitive data.

The present research would be useful for benchmarking professionals/managers for understanding strategic, tactical and operational-level issues of reverse logistics with respect to Indian context. Also, logistics managers can evolve suitable strategies for successful implementation of reverse logistics programs.

The literature review indicates that only a few frameworks available give a holistic perspective of the current status of reverse logistics operations in an Indian context. This research is an attempt in this regard.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an asymmetric structure of the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) for analysis of the linear induction machine (LIM) with an internal short circuit fault.

By applying a proper MEC to the LIM, a generalized relation for the inductance matrix of the machine can be directly determined. To evaluate the proposed model, the stator currents and the air-gap flux with the proposed technique are given and compared to the simulation and experimental results in the healthy and fault conditions.

The LIM is an axial flux machine with a wide range of applications in high-performance drives. Due to a well-tried effect of the first tooth and the last one (the end effect), the performance level of the LIM decreases. Also, the analysis of the linear machines in fault conditions illustrates more complexity compared to the rotary induction machine. However, the MEC is very simple, describing the behavior of the asymmetric electromechanical devices using the magnetic reluctance or the permeance of flux paths.

Using the proposed model, there would be some decrease in the complications of the LIM analysis in the asymmetrical conditions. Moreover, analyzing some of the characteristics of the LIM, such as turn-fault condition, it can be calculated with high accuracy.

This paper aims to discuss the opportunities and limitations that the location-specific advantages of the home country represent for infant multinational enterprises (MNEs). The systemic weaknesses of the home country can constrain the long-term competitiveness of its firms and, ultimately, the competitiveness of its MNEs. Many emerging countries have a constrained set of location-specific (L) assets from which their firms are able to develop ownership-specific assets.

The authors examine data for the case of India, an economy regarded as having considerable potential to expand to knowledge-intensive sectors, using a “systems of innovation” framework, merged with an analysis of L advantages.

At the macro level, India’s performance is not different from countries of similar economic structure, and its current pockets of excellence are a reflection of its L assets. The analysis suggests that the failure to foster and upgrade the L assets of emerging economies is likely to stunt the growth of their domestic firms and, ultimately, any new MNE activity in the long-term.

In the case of India, systemic policy changes are needed to upgrade the knowledge infrastructure and institutions to support a shift in the competitive advantages to new sectors outside existing pockets of excellence. Indian firms are unlikely to be able to rely on the knowledge infrastructure of their home economy and will “exit” the Indian milieu because of weaknesses in L assets, as much as to seek markets and customers elsewhere. There will be few opportunities for new generations of firms to venture abroad from a position of strength, rather than as a means to overcome their home country disadvantages.

The evidence would suggest that – like other emerging economies – Indian firms are unlikely to be able to rely on the knowledge infrastructure of their home economy and are “exiting” the Indian milieu because of its weaknesses in L assets, as much as to seek markets and customers elsewhere. Most importantly, India faces a potential shortage of skilled human capital in the medium term.

This study aims to examine how different modes of knowledge flows affect the changes of asset specificity and how ownership control moderates the relationship between knowledge flows and asset specificity in the open innovation paradigm.

This paper selects information technology outsourcing as the research base. It uses the feasible weighted least squares modeling method for its analysis and has collected the data from 2,369 research and development contracts of multinational vendor firms in China.

The coupled and outbound knowledge flows have a direct and positive effect on asset specificity. Moreover, the results show that weak corporate control has significant moderating effects on the relationship between both coupled and outbound knowledge flows and asset specificity; the strong control positively moderates the relationship between outbound knowledge flows and asset specificity.

In open innovation, firms build a higher degree of asset specificity to maximize the efficiency of knowledge flows, which then helps them to enhance innovation capacity and market performance.

Preceding studies have tended to examine the influences of asset specificity as an independent variable in a closed innovation paradigm. Asset specificity is hence often left as the antecedent “black box.” This paper, however, opens the “black box” of asset specificity, which is set as a dependent variable, by investigating the influences of knowledge flows on the asset specificity in the context of open innovation. It also reinterprets the role of asset specificity by adopting the lens of open innovation theory.

Facial recognition payment (FRP) has been recently introduced as a new cashless payment method in retail store context. Anchored on information systems and consumer theories, this research aims to investigate the key antecedents and outcomes of consumer attitudes toward this innovative payment method.

This research used a survey method to obtain data from 795 consumers at retail stores in China. The data were then analyzed by different statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and structural equation modeling.

Results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived innovativeness positively affect consumer attitudes toward FRP, while perceived risk negatively impacts such attitudes. In addition, consumer attitudes enhance store satisfaction, and hedonic shopping value plays a mediating role in this relationship.

This study encourages retailers to adopt FRP that can enhance consumer hedonic shopping value and satisfaction.

This study contributes to the literature by explaining both the antecedents and the outcomes of consumer attitudes toward FRP in retail context. The study also provides fresh insights into how such attitudes can improve consumers' shopping values and satisfaction in an emerging market.

In this study, senior executives with electronic data interchange (EDI) experience explained the factors their firms considered when deciding to use EDI. The majority of their comments focused on the operational (i.e., internal) benefits they are receiving from EDI. Most of the firms that participated in the study have moved from an operational mindset regarding EDI and noted external/competitive benefits as they electronically link to customers and suppliers. The executives acknowledged power inequities between their large firms and the trading partners with whom they use EDI. Although EDI is a mature technology, when classified by innovation adoption and diffusion theory, it provides adopting firms significant benefits.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiences of dot-com pioneers in developing countries to complement the experience of their counterparts from the developed world as documented in the dot-com boom and bust literature. Beginning from this literature, dot-com phenomenon in the developed world has attracted much research. However, despite some entrepreneurial attempts to promote the innovation in the developing world, less is known about dot-coms there.

The study follows interpretive case study methodology and actor-network theory to understand the formation, initial success and final failure of a dot-com pioneer in the developing country of Ghana.

The developing country dot-com pioneer transferred e-tail technology from the developed world. The under-developed infrastructure in the developing world forced the technology to be adapted to local context. The firm managed to succeed temporarily by engaging with actors from both the developed and the developing world. It, however, collapsed largely due to inflation in its developing country context, which rendered its stockless business model with purchasing on order to deliver economically unfeasible as purchasing prices outrun sales prices.

The findings are based on historical reconstruction of events which may differ from current circumstances. The study, however, demonstrates how pioneer dot-coms in developing countries may have fared and offers implications for research and practice.

Stockless e-business model with purchase on order to supply may not be economically feasible under inflationary conditions as purchase prices may outstrip sales prices. Entrepreneurs need to pay attention not only to the virtual world but also the physical world which equally contribute to e-business practice.

The paper is the first attempt to offer insight into the experiences of developing country dot-com pioneers to complement the literature from the developed world.